"Ke hele mai nei ka ʻīlio hae i ka ʻoihana pākaukau mana."ʻO ka mea i hala iho nei, ua hoʻokuʻu ʻia kahi papa inoa maʻamau e ka Ministry of Industry and Information Technology i ka ʻoihana me ka manaʻo.
Wahi a ka "Catalogue of Recommended Models for the Promotion and Application of New Energy Vehicles (11th Batch in 2019)", e loaʻa i nā kaʻa ikehu hou i hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻokoʻa kālā ʻē aʻe i ke kālā ma Kina no ka manawa mua.ʻO ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka pākaukau "papa inoa keʻokeʻo" i Iune i kēia makahiki, ua wehe ʻia ka mākeke pākaukau ʻo China Dynamics (600482, Stock Bar) i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā ʻana.
Aia ka huina o 26 mau kaʻa kaʻa i nā hiʻohiʻona i ʻōlelo ʻia i hoʻolaha ʻia i kēia manawa, me 22 mau kaʻa uila maʻemaʻe, me ka Tesla pure uila sedan e hana ʻia ma Kina.I kēia manawa, ʻaʻole maopopo ʻo wai ka mea e hoʻolako i ka pā uila a Tesla ma hope o ka hana ʻia ʻana ma Kina.Eia nō naʻe, ma hope o ke komo ʻana i ka waihona kālā, e loaʻa paha i nā kumu hoʻohālike kūpono ke kōkua.Ma waho aʻe o Tesla, ua komo pū nā inoa haole ʻo Mercedes-Benz a me Toyota i ka papa inoa i ʻōlelo ʻia.
I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua pili ikaika nā haʻawina a Kina no nā kaʻa ikehu hou i nā mea hana pākaukau mana i koho ʻia.ʻO ka lawe ʻana i nā pākahi i hana ʻia e nā hui "whitelist" pākaukau a me ke komo ʻana i ka papa inoa i ʻōlelo ʻia ma luna nei ka hana mua e loaʻa ai ke kālā.No laila, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ʻaʻole i kākoʻo ʻia nā kaʻa ikaika hou, ʻo Tesla ka nui.Ua hauʻoli nō hoʻi nā ʻoihana kaʻa kaʻa uila hou a me nā hui pākahi mana i kahi "manawa puka makani" o ka ulu wikiwiki ʻana no kekahi mau makahiki.
Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka ʻoi maoli o ka ʻoihana mai ka hoʻāʻo mākeke.Ke piʻi mālie nei ke kūʻai ʻana a me ka loaʻa ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou, ke alakaʻi pū nei nā keʻena kūpono i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana mai ke kulekele a hiki i ka mākeke.Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, ua ho'ēmiʻia nā haʻawina no nā kaʻa ikehu hou i kēlā me kēia makahiki a e hoʻopau loaʻia mai ka mākeke ma ka hopena o 2020. Ma kekahiʻaoʻao, ua hoʻolaha pūʻia ka "papa inoa keʻokeʻo" o nā pakuhi mana e hoʻopauʻia i loko. ka hopena o Iune i kēia makahiki.
ʻIke ʻia, ma mua o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻia ʻana o ke kālā kālā, e kū mua ana ka ʻoihana kaʻa ikaika hou o Kina i ka hoʻokūkū mai nā hoa ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ka ʻoihana pākaukau mana e hoʻokau i ke kaumaha.
ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu ʻia ʻana o nā pākahiko i hoʻokomo ʻia e nā haole
Ma ka hoʻoholo ʻana mai ka papa inoa hou loa i paʻi ʻia, ua komo nā mea hoʻohālike ikehu hou o nā hōʻailona haole e like me Tesla, Mercedes-Benz, a me Toyota i ke kaʻina kālā.Ma waena o lākou, ua hoʻolaha ʻo Tesla i ʻelua mau ʻano o nā hiʻohiʻona i hoʻokomo ʻia i ka catalog, e pili ana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka ikehu ʻōnaehana a me nā pae holo moana.
No ke aha i ʻokoʻa ai ka hoʻohālike Tesla?Pili paha kēia i ka ʻoiaʻiʻo ua koho ʻo Tesla ma mua o hoʻokahi mea hoʻolako.Mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o kēia makahiki, ua hōʻike ʻia ʻo Tesla e hōʻea i nā ʻaelike "ʻaʻole kūʻokoʻa" me ka nui o nā hui pākahi mana.ʻO nā pahuhopu "scandal" he CATL (300750, Stock Bar), LG Chem, etc.
Ua huikau mau nā mea hoʻolako pākaukau o Tesla.Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi hōʻike mai ka Research Department of the Power Battery Application Branch of Battery China.com i nā hiʻohiʻona Tesla i koho ʻia i loko o ka papa inoa i manaʻo ʻia ua lako ʻia me nā "pākini ternary i hana ʻia e Tesla (Shanghai)."
Ua hana maoli ʻo Tesla i kāna mau modula pākaukau, akā ʻo wai ka mea e hāʻawi i nā cell?Ua nānā ka mea nānā lōʻihi o Tesla i kahi mea kākau moʻolelo mai ka 21st Century Business Herald ʻo ke kumu o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka ikehu ʻelua o ke kŘkohu no ka mea ua lako ia me nā pūnaewele pila (ʻo ia hoʻi, nā cell) mai Panasonic a me LG Chem.
"ʻO kēia ka manawa mua i hoʻokomo ʻia kahi kumu hoʻohālike i hoʻolako ʻia me nā kelepona ʻē aʻe i loko o ka waihona kālā."Ua hōʻike ke kanaka ma waho aʻe o Tesla, ʻelua mau kaʻa mai Beijing Benz a me GAC Toyota i komo pū i ka waihona kālā, a ʻaʻohe o lākou i hoʻolako ʻia me nā pākahi Domestic.
ʻAʻole i pane aku ʻo Tesla i nā kelepona pākaukau o ka hui kikoʻī āna e hoʻohana ai, akā mai ka hoʻopau ʻia ʻana o ka pā uila mana "papa inoa keʻokeʻo", ʻo ia wale nō ka manawa e komo ai nā pila i hana ʻia e nā hui kālā kālā ʻē aʻe a me nā kaʻa i hoʻolako ʻia me kēia mau pā. waihona kālā.
Ma Malaki 2015, ua hoʻopuka ka Ministry of Industry and Information Technology i ka "Automotive Power Battery Industry Specifications", e hoʻohana ana i nā pila i hana ʻia e nā ʻoihana i ʻae ʻia ma ke ʻano he kumu kumu no ka loaʻa ʻana o ke kālā kālā kaʻa hou.Mai ia manawa, ua hoʻokuʻu ka Ministry of Industry a me Information Technology i ʻehā mau pūʻulu o ka mana o ka hana ʻana i nā ʻoihana ʻenehana (ʻo ia hoʻi, "White Power Batteries").List"), ke kūkulu ʻana i "pā" no ka ʻoihana pākahi mana o Kina.
Hōʻike ʻia nā ʻike he 57 mau mea hana pākaukau i koho ʻia ʻo ia nā hui kūloko āpau, a ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia nā mea hana pākaukau Kepanī a me Korea e like me Panasonic, Samsung, a me LG Chem i hoʻohana mua ʻia e SAIC, Changan, Chery, a me nā hui kaʻa ʻē aʻe.Ma muli o ka pili ʻana i nā haʻawina, hiki i kēia mau hui pākaukau kālā kālā haole ke haʻalele wale i ka mākeke Kina.
Eia naʻe, ua lōʻihi ka "papa inoa keʻokeʻo" i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana.Ua aʻo mua ka mea kākau moʻolelo mai ka 21st Century Business Herald i ka hana maoli, ʻaʻole koʻikoʻi ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka "papa inoa keʻokeʻo", a ʻo kekahi mau hiʻohiʻona ʻaʻole i hoʻohana i nā pihi "koi" ua komo pū i ka palapala huahana o ka Ministry of Industry. a me ka 'ike loea.I ka manawa like, me ka manaʻo o ka mākeke, Eia naʻe, ʻo kekahi mau hui ma ka "papa inoa keʻokeʻo" ua hoʻemi i kā lākou ʻoihana a i ʻole ua lilo i banekorupa.
Manaʻo ka poʻe loiloi ʻoihana ʻo ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka pākaukau "papa inoa keʻokeʻo" a me ka wehe ʻana i ka mākeke pākahi mana i ka hoʻopukapuka haole he hana koʻikoʻi ia no ka neʻe ʻana o nā kaʻa ikehu hou o Kina mai ke kulekele a i ka mākeke.Ke komo wale nei nā ʻoihana ikaika i ka mākeke hiki ke hoʻonui wikiwiki ʻia ka mana hana.A e hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai a hoʻokō i ka hoʻomohala maoli o nā kaʻa ikehu hou.
ʻO ka marketization ke ʻano maʻamau.Ma waho aʻe o ka liberalization o ka "papa inoa keʻokeʻo", ʻo ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa o nā haʻawina he mea pololei ia e hāpai i ka mākeke o ka ʻoihana.ʻO ka "New Energy Vehicle Industry Development Plan (2021-2035)" i hoʻolaha hou ʻia nei e hōʻike maopopo ana he pono e hoʻolaha i ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho hou ʻana o nā ʻoihana pākahi mana a hoʻonui i ka ʻoihana.
ʻO ka ho'ēmiʻana i nā kumukūʻai ke kī
Me ke kākoʻo a me ka paipai ʻana i nā kulekele ʻoihana, ua ulu wikiwiki ka nui o nā hui pākahi mana home i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me CATL, BYD (002594, Stock Bar), Guoxuan Hi-Tech (002074, Stock Bar), etc., me Fuli , ka mea i pae hou ma ka Papa Hoʻohou ʻEpekema a me ʻenehana.ʻenehana ikehu.I waena o lākou, ua lilo ʻo CATL i "overlord" i ka ʻoihana.Hōʻike ka ʻikepili hou loa i nā hapaha mua ʻekolu o kēia makahiki, ua piʻi ka mākeke kūloko o CATL i 51%.
Ma lalo o ke ʻano o ka liberalization lohi o ka mākeke, ua hoʻonohonoho pū nā hui pākahi mana kālā i nā haole i Kina.I ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻokumu ʻo LG Chem i kahi papahana hoʻopukapuka uila uila ma Nanjing, a ua hoʻolālā pū ʻo Panasonic e hana kūikawā i nā pā no nā kaʻa uila i kāna hale hana Dalian.
He mea kūpono ke haʻi aku ʻo Tesla nā mea hoʻolako pākaukau home, Panasonic a me LG Chem, ʻo ia nā pahuhopu o nā lono kaulana.Ma waena o lākou, ʻo Panasonic ka hoa "maʻa" o Tesla, a ua hoʻolako ʻia nā Teslas i hana ʻia e ʻAmelika e Panasonic.
ʻO ka "indecision" a me ka "hoʻomākaukau" o Tesla e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻokūkū ikaika i ka ʻoihana uila mana i kekahi ʻano.E like me nā hōʻailona kūloko e ulu wikiwiki nei i ka mākeke Kina no nā makahiki he nui, hiki anei iā lākou ke alo i ka hoʻokūkū mai nā hōʻailona haole i kēia manawa?
Ua haʻi aku kekahi kanaka kokoke i ka ʻoihana pākaukau mana i kahi mea kākau moʻolelo mai ka 21st Century Business Herald ʻo nā pono hoʻokūkū o nā pā uila i hoʻopukapuka ʻia e nā haole ʻo ia ka ʻenehana a me ka hoʻokele kumukūʻai, nāna i hana i kekahi mau "pale" i ka mākeke.I ka lawe ʻana iā Panasonic ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ua kuhikuhi kekahi mau mea noiʻi ʻoihana ʻoiai ʻo ia ka mea e hoʻopuka ai i nā pākahi lithium ternary, hoʻohana ʻo Panasonic i kahi ʻāpana ʻokoʻa o nā mea maka, hiki ke hoʻonui i ka ikehu me ka hoʻemi ʻana i nā kumukūʻai.
Eia nō naʻe, i nā makahiki i hala iho nei o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, me ka piʻi ʻana o ka pālākiō, ke emi nei ke kumukūʻai o nā pā uila o ka home i kēlā me kēia makahiki.ʻO ka lawe ʻana i ka CATL ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o kāna ʻōnaehana uila mana he 2.27 yuan/Wh i ka makahiki 2015, a hāʻule i 1.16 yuan/Wh i 2018, me ka emi ʻana o ka hui makahiki ma kahi o 20%.
Ua hoʻāʻo nui nā ʻoihana pā uila uila e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai.No ka laʻana, ke hoʻomohala nei ʻo BYD a me CATL i ka ʻenehana CTP (CelltoPack, module-free power battery pack), e hoʻāʻo nei e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana ʻana o ka pākaukau me ka hoʻolālā ʻana i loko o ka puʻupuʻu.ʻO nā hui e like me Yiwei Lithium Energy (300014, Stock Bar) e hōʻike pū ana i nā hōʻike makahiki Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Zhong e hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ka pae automation o ka laina hana e hoʻonui i ka nui o ka hua a hoʻemi i nā kumukūʻai.
He nui nā pilikia e lanakila ai ka ʻenehana CTP, akā ua hōʻike ʻia nā nūhou hou ua komo nā pūʻolo pākahi CTP o CATL i ke kahua o ka hana ʻoihana ma nā pūʻulu.Ma ke kau inoa ʻana i ka lā 6 Dekemaba e hoʻonui i ka launa pū ʻana ma waena o CATL a me BAIC New Energy, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Zeng Yuqun, ka luna o CATL: "E uhi ʻia ka ʻenehana CTP i nā hiʻohiʻona nui o BAIC New Energy."
ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā pae ʻenehana a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana i nā kumukūʻai ke ʻano nui.ʻO nā hui pākahi mana Kina i hōʻike ʻia e CATL e kokoke ana e hoʻolauna i kahi "hōʻike" maoli o ka mākeke.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Nov-18-2023